Resource Fact Sheets

The Archeox Resource Centre provides a comprehensive suite of fact sheets designed to support archaeological researchers, heritage professionals, and students. These documents offer concise, peer-reviewed information on a variety of topics ranging from field techniques to the latest standards in digital preservation. Our goal is to ensure that high-quality information is accessible to those working within the historic environment sector, promoting best practices across the United Kingdom and beyond. Each fact sheet is regularly updated to reflect changes in legislation, technological advancements, and evolving academic theories.

Archaeological Fieldwork and Surveying

Fieldwork remains the cornerstone of archaeological enquiry. Our fact sheets in this category focus on the initial stages of site investigation, ensuring that data collection is both systematic and ethical. We place a particular emphasis on non-invasive techniques that allow for the assessment of sub-surface remains without disturbing the archaeological record.

Geophysical Prospecting

Geophysical survey is an essential tool for mapping features beneath the soil. Our technical fact sheets cover various methodologies, including magnetometry, earth resistance survey, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). These guides explain the physical principles behind each method, the types of terrain where they are most effective, and the standard protocols for data processing. Understanding the limitations of each technique is vital for accurate interpretation, particularly in complex urban environments or areas with high magnetic interference.

Field Walking and Surface Collection

Systematic field walking remains one of the most cost-effective ways to identify potential sites across large landscapes. Our fact sheets outline the procedures for grid-based collection, the identification of common ceramic and lithic types found in the British Isles, and the importance of recording precise spatial data. We also provide guidance on the use of handheld GPS devices to enhance the accuracy of surface find spots, ensuring that the resulting data can be seamlessly integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Conservation and Material Science

Once artefacts are recovered or structures are exposed, their preservation becomes a priority. Conservation is not merely about repair; it is about stabilising materials to prevent further decay and ensuring they remain available for future study. Archeox fact sheets provide essential advice on the immediate care of finds in the field and the long-term requirements for museum storage.

On-Site Stabilisation

The transition from a buried environment to the open air can be traumatic for sensitive materials such as waterlogged wood, leather, or corroded metals. Our fact sheets detail the ‘first aid’ measures required to stabilise these items. This includes maintaining appropriate moisture levels, using acid-free packaging, and avoiding cross-contamination. We provide checklists for field kits to ensure that archaeological teams are prepared for unexpected discoveries of fragile organic remains.

Climate Control and Storage

Long-term curation requires a deep understanding of environmental factors. We offer detailed guides on the temperature and relative humidity requirements for different material classes. For instance, the storage needs of archaeological iron differ significantly from those of stable ceramics or stone. These fact sheets are designed to assist local museums and archives in managing their collections within limited budgets while adhering to national standards for heritage care.

Digital Records and Data Management

In the modern era, the ‘digital archive’ is as important as the physical one. Archaeological projects generate vast amounts of data, from high-resolution photographs and 3D scans to stratigraphic databases and GIS layers. Without proper management, this information is at risk of becoming inaccessible due to software obsolescence or hardware failure.

Metadata and Standardisation

Effective data retrieval depends on robust metadata. Our fact sheets explain the importance of using standardised vocabularies and consistent naming conventions. By following the guidelines provided, researchers can ensure that their datasets are discoverable and interoperable. We cover the core elements required for archaeological metadata, including temporal, spatial, and thematic descriptors, aligning with the standards set by the Archaeology Data Service (ADS) and other international repositories.

3D Modelling and Photogrammetry

The use of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has revolutionised site recording. Our technical guides provide a step-by-step approach to capturing high-quality imagery for 3D reconstruction. This includes advice on lighting, camera settings, and the placement of ground control points to ensure metric accuracy. These fact sheets are particularly useful for teams looking to create digital twins of fragile monuments or to record excavations in three dimensions before they are backfilled.

Legislative Frameworks and Planning

Archaeology in the UK is heavily influenced by the planning process. Navigating the legal requirements of heritage management is essential for developers, consultants, and community groups alike. Our fact sheets simplify complex legislative documents into actionable summaries.

• National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF): A guide to the sections of the NPPF that deal with the historic environment, explaining the requirements for heritage impact assessments and the ‘polluter pays’ principle.
• Scheduled Monument Consent: Information on the legal protections afforded to nationally important sites and the process for applying for consent to carry out works on or near them.
• Treasure Act 1996: A summary of the legal obligations for finders of potential treasure, including reporting timelines and the roles of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) and local coroners.

By providing these resources, Archeox aims to bridge the gap between academic research and commercial practice. Our fact sheets serve as a reliable reference point, ensuring that the high standards expected in the field are maintained across all aspects of archaeological work.